TAKEN FROM PUBLICATIONS SUBMITTED OR IN PREPARATION, BY
BRUCE G. MARCOT AND COLLEAGUES, INTERIOR COLUMBIA BASIN
ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT PROJECT, USDA FOREST SERVICE AND
USDI BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT
Bruce G. Marcot
Wildlife Ecologist
these extracts compiled: 19 August 1997
[note: literature cited is not included here; please refer to the original papers]
==============================================
from:
Marcot, B. G., M. Castellano, J. Christy, L. Croft, J. Lehmkuhl, R.
Naney, R.
Rosentreter, R. Sandquist, and E. Zieroth. In press. Terrestrial
ecology
assessment. Pp. xxx-xxx in: T. M. Quigley and S. J. Arbelbide,
eds. An
assessment of ecosystem components in the interior Columbia Basin and
portions of the Klamath and Great Basins. USDA Forest Service
General
Technical Report PNW-xxx. USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest
Research Station, Portland, OR. xxx pp.
Neotropical Migrant Birds— Among 132 species of neotropical migratory
birds
(NTMB) that breed in the assessment area, 38 species have been adequately
sampled in breeding bird surveys from which to detect statistically
significant
population trends over two time periods; 1968-1994 (26 years), and
1984-1994 (10
years). Fourteen species showed significant declines over the
26-year period, and
13 species showed significant declines over the 10-year period.
Similarly, 13 and
12 species showed significant increases over those periods, respectively.
Seven
species [killdeer (Charadrius vociferus), olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus
borealis), willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii), red-winged blackbird
(Agelaius
phoeniceus), western meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta), Brewer's blackbird
(Euphagus cyanocephalus), and Brewer's sparrow (Spizella breweri)]
showed
consistent long-term declines over both time periods. However,
five of these seven
species occur in low-elevation wetlands or open shrub habitats largely
off FS and
BLM lands, and thus are not likely to be heavily influenced by FS and
BLM land
management activities. The two remaining species are both flycatchers
and are both
likely influenced to some degree by FS and BLM land management.
Some 16 habitats (vegetation types) were included in the assessment
of NTMB
status and trends. Riparian vegetation is used by more species
(64 percent of all
NTMB species) than any other habitat. Other habitats that are
used by relatively
high numbers of NTMB species include young coniferous forest (38 percent)
and
old/mature forest (35 percent). Among all species with significant
26-year
population trends, nine habitats had more species with decreasing populations
than
species with increasing populations, whereas seven habitats had more
increasers.
Five of the 16 habitats analyzed with regard to NTMB trends were identified
collectively as potentially needing higher conservation priority:
riparian vegetation,
old forest, shrub-steppe, native grasslands, and juniper woodland.
Priority habitats
were identified based on declines in populations of associated NTMB
species and
on the habitats' vulnerability to ongoing management activities.
See Appendix E for
information on species that have undergone significant declines and
increases over
the 10- and 26-year time periods.
Appendix E. Neotropical migratory landbirds in the Columbia River
Basin for which Breeding Bird Survey sample
size is sufficient (recorded on >14 routes) to quantify significant
long-term declines or increases in population trends,
over 10-year and 26-year period. Numbers in table are percent
changes of poplations over the time periods shown.
Decline
Increase
Species
Nest Layera
26 yr 10 yr
26 yr
10 yr
Osprey
CA
6.4***
Red-tailed Hawk
CA
4.3***
4.0**
Golden Eagle
CA
10.9**
Killdeer
GR
-4.3*** -10.5***
Long-billed Curlew
GR
5.1***
Mourning Dove
SH
-2.2***
Red-naped Sapsucker
CA
12.0*
Calliope Hummingbird
CA
-13.4*
Olive-sided Flycatcher
CA
-2.9** -4.2**
Willow Flycatcher
SH
- 2.5** -4.3***
Gray Flycatcher
SH
13.6**
Say's Phoebe
CA
5.4*
Horned Lark
GR
-2.9**
Cliff Swallow
CA
2.8***
House Wren
CA
4.4**
5.7*
Marsh Wren
SH
8.8*
Mountain Bluebird
CA
4.0***
8.1**
American Robin
CA
-1.5*
Decline
Increase
Species
Nest Layer
26 yr 10 yr
26 yr
10 yr
Gray Catbird
SH
4.0**
6.3***
Loggerhead Shrikeb
SH
-2.7**
Warbling Vireo
CA
4.1**
Orange-crowned Warbler
GR
3.5*
7.5**
Yellow Warbler
SH
-2.1**
Townsend's Warbler
CA
5.2***
Common Yellowthroat
SH
2.8*
Black-headed Grosbeak
SH
4.8***
5.4***
Rufous-sided Towhee
GR
3.5*
7.6***
Chipping Sparrow
SH
-2.7***
Brewer's Sparrow
SH
-1.3*** -4.3***
Lark Sparrow
SH
-2.9**
Savannah Sparrow
GR
-3.2*
Song Sparrow
SH
-2.7***
Red-winged Blackbird
SH
-1.5* 2.3*
Western Meadowlark
GR
-0.8* -3.7***
Brewer's Blackbird
SH
-1.3* -4.3***
Pine Siskin
CA
8.8***
American Goldfinch
CA
-2.1*
*:P
< 0.10
**:P <
0.05
***:P < 0.01
a
Nest-Layer abbreviations: CA = subcanopy/canopy-nesting species; GR = ground-nesting
species;
SH = shrub-nesting species, based on characteristics described by Ehrlich
and others (1988) and Martin
(1993).
b
Federal candidate (category 2) for listing under the Endangered Species
Act.
-------------------------------
from:
Marcot, B. G., L. K. Croft, J. F. Lehmkuhl, R. H. Naney, C. G. Niwa,
W. R.
Owen, and R. E. Sandquist. Submitted. Macroecology, paleoecology,
and
ecological integrity of terrestrial species and communities of the
interior
Columbia River Basin and portions of the Klamath and Great Basins.
General
Technical Report PNW-GTR-XXX. USDA Forest Service.
XXX pp.
Species that migrate and spend part of their year elsewhere but that
restrict their
distribution during one part of the year to a specific region (such
as the basin
assessment area), are called semiendemic species by Garza (1996).
Semiendemics
can include Neotropical migratory birds and other species that occur
only seasonally
in a given region. Garza argues that species that are confined
to a specific
geographic region, even if only for a portion of the year, still should
be considered
as restricted to that area for purposes of habitat conservation.
Because our range
maps show neither season of use nor migration range beyond the basin
assessment
area, our designation of migratory species into endemism and percentage
of range
classes approximates the concept of semiendemics. Thus, some
migratory species
might occur as semiendemics in the basin assessment area but rank only
as range
categories A, B, or C.